ISSN 2084–1418
Wersją pierwotną czasopisma jest wersja papierowa
2020, Nr (13), Historia mówiona - emocje
Marta Havryshko
Vulnerability, Guilt, and Shame: Doing Oral History of Interethnic Violence during WWII in the Eastern Galicia
Pobierz wersję elektroniczną
Słowa kluczowe: historia mówiona, emocje, trauma, badacz, przemoc etniczna
Abstrakt: W artykule skupiono się na niepokojących emocjach doświadczanych przez badaczy w trakcie badań terenowych zajmujących się traumatycznymi wydarzeniami historycznymi, zwłaszcza tymi, które miały miejsce podczas drugiej wojny światowej i Holokaustu. Opierając się na własnym doświadczeniu badawczym w praktykowaniu historii mówionej trudnych relacji międzyetnicznych i przemocy na Zachodniej Ukrainie (Galicja Wschodniej) w czasie II wojny światowej, autorka analizuje jej osobiste negatywne reakcje emocjonalne w trakcie całego badania oraz ich wpływ na jej osobę, narratorów i całego procesu badawczego. Przedmiotem analizy w artykule są sytuacje wywołujące emocje w terenie, które stworzyły niepokojące uczucie i emocje, takie jak wrażliwość, poczucie winy i wstyd. Artykuł zawiera również spostrzeżenia związane ze strategiami radzenia sobie ze stresem i traumą, które mogą być wykorzystane przez innych badaczy zajmujących się problemami emocjonalnymi w tej dziedzinie.
Informacje o autorze:
MARTA HAVRYSHKO – historyk, pracownik Instytutu Studiów Ukraińskich I. Krypiakiewicza w Narodowej Akademi Nauki Ukrainy; E-mail: havryshko@gmail.com. ORCID 0000-0003-4631-2248.
Prace cytowane Rozwiń
Aleksiun, Natalia. 2013. “Returning From the Land ff the Dead: Jews in Eastern Galicia in the Immediate Aftermath of the Holocaust.” Kwartalnik Historii Żydów 2 (246): 257–271.
Arditti, Joyce A., Joest, Karen S., Lambert-Shute, Jennifer, and Latanya Walker. 2010. “The Role of Emotions in Fieldwork: A Self-study of Family Research in a Corrections Setting.” The Qualitative Report 15 (6): 1387–1414.
Arkviv Upravlinnia Sluzhby bezpeky Ukrainy u Ternopilskii Oblasti [Archives of the Security Service of Ukraine Office in Ternopil Oblast], file 17822.
Bergman Blix, Stina, and Asa Wettergren. 2015. “The Emotional Labour of Gaining and Maintaining Access to the Field.” Qualitative Research 15 (6): 688–704.
Blakely, Kristin 2007. “Reflections on the Role of Emotion in Feminist Research.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 6 (2): 59–68.
Bloom, Sandra L. 2003. Caring for the Caregiver: Avoiding and Treating Vicarious Traumatization.” In Sexual Assault, Victimization Across the Lifespan, eds. A. Giardino, E. Datner and J. Asher, 459–470. Maryland Heights, MO: GW Medical Publishing.
Bondi, Liz. 2007. “The Place of Emotions in Research: From Partitioning Emotion and Reason to the Emotional Dynamics of Research Relationships.” In Emotional Geographies, eds. J. Davidson, L. Bondi, and M. Smith, 231–242. Aldershot, England; Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
Catungal, John Paul 2017. “Feeling Bodies of Knowledge: Situating Knowledge Production hrough Felt Embeddedness.” Tijdschrift Voor Economischeen Sociale Geografie 108 (3): 289–301.
Coles, Jan, Astbury, Jill, Dartnall, Elizabeth, and Shazneen Limjerwala. 2014. “A Qualitative Exploration of Researcher Trauma and Researchers’ Responses to Investigating Sexual Violence”. Violence Against Women 20 (1): 95–117.
Cornejo, Marcela, Rubilar, Gabriela, and Pamela Zapata-Sepúlveda. 2019. “Researching Sensitive Topics in Sensitive Zones: Exploring Silences, ‘The Normal,’ and Tolerance in Chile.” International Journal of Qualitative Methods 18 (4): 1–11.
Coyle, Adrian and Clare Wright. 1996. “Using the Counselling Interview to Collect Research Data on Sensitive Topics.” Journal of Health Psychology 1 (4): 431–440.
Dickson-Swift, Virginia, James, Erica L., Kippen, Sandra, and Pranee Liamputtong. 2008. “Risk to Researchers in Qualitative Research on Sensitive Topics: Issues and Strategies.” Qualitative Health Research 18 (1): 133–144.
Dickson-Swift, Virginia, James, Erica L., Kippen, Sandra, and Pranee Liamputtong. 2009. “Researching Sensitive Topics: Qualitative Research as Emotion Work.” Qualitative Research 9 (1): 61–79.
Drozdzewski, Danielle, and Dale Dominey-Howes. 2015. “Research and Trauma: Understanding the Impact of Traumatic Content and Places on the Researcher.” Emotion, Space and Society 17: 17–21.
Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, the testimony of Minna B., HVT-1196, May 6, 1989.
Fortunoff Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies, the testimony of Oscar F., HVT-1197, May 6, 1989.
Gilbert, Kathleen, ed. 2001. The emotional nature of qualitative research. First edition. London: CRC Press.
Giorgia, Doná. 2014. “Intersectional Traumatization. The Psychological Impact of Researching Genocidal Violence on Researchers.” In Engaging Violence: Trauma, Memory, and Representation, ed. I. Maček, 151–177. London: Routledge.
Havryshko, Marta. 2016. “Illegitimate Sexual Practices in the OUN Underground and UPA in Western Ukraine in the 1940s and 1950s.” Journal of Power Institutions in Post-Soviet Societies 17. doi: 10.4000/pipss.4214.
Havryshko, Marta. 2018. “Love and Sex in Wartime: Controlling Women’s Sexuality in the Ukrainian Nationalist Underground.” Aspasia 12: 35–67.
Hesse, Amy R. 2002. “Secondary Trauma: How Working with Trauma Survivors Affects Therapists.” Clinical Social Work Journal 30 (3): 293–309.
Hochschild, Arlie. 1983. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling. University of California Press.
Hubbard, Gill, Backett-Milburn, Kathryn, and Debbie Kemmer. 2001. “Working with Emotion: Issues for the Researcher in Fieldwork and Teamwork.” International Journal of Social Research Methodology 4: 119–137.
Ibarra, Peter R., and Margarethe Kusenbach. 2015. “Feeling the Field: Tracking Shifts in Ethnographic Research.” Studies in Symbolic Interaction 24: 195–221.
Interview with K., female (b. 1921), recorded by M. Havryshko, July 20 2017, Stratyn, Rohatyn raiion, Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast, the archive of the project “The social anthropology of the void: Poland and Ukraine after World War II”.
Interview with Khrystyna (b. 1931), recorded by M. Havryshko, June 25 2019, Barysh, Ternopil Oblast, archive of the project “The social anthropology of the void: Poland and Ukraine after World War II”.
Interview with M., female (b. 1923), recorded by M. Havryshko, June 25 2019, Barysh, Buchacz raiion, Ternopil oblast, the archive of the project “The social anthropology of the void: Poland and Ukraine after World War II”.
Interview with Oksana (b. 1933), recorded by M. Havryshko, July 11 2018, Pidhajci, Ternopil’ Oblast, the archive of the project “The social anthropology of the void: Poland and Ukraine after World War II”.
Jenkins, Sharon Rae, and Stephanie Baird. 2002. “Secondary Traumatic Stress and Vicarious Trauma: A Validation Study”. Journal of Traumatic Stress 15 (5): 423–432.
La Caze, Marguerite. 2013. “At First Blush: The Politics of Guilt and Shame.” Parrhesia 18: 85–99.
Lee, Raymond M., and Claire M Renzetti. 1990. “The Problems of Researching Sensitive Topics: An Overview and Introduction.” American Behavioral Scientist 33 (5): 510–528.
Lofland, John, and Lyn H. Lofland. 1995. Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing.
Maček, Ivana, ed. 2014. Engaging Violence: Trauma, Memory, and Representation. London: Routledge.
Maček, Ivana. 2014. “Introduction. Engaging Violence: Trauma, Self-reflection and Knowledge.” In Engaging Violence: Trauma, Memory, and Representation, ed. I. Maček, 1–25. London: Routledge.
Marples, David. 2018. “Decommunization, Memory Laws, and ‘Builders of Ukraine in the 20th Century.’” Acta Slavica Iaponica 39: 1–22.
Molnar, Beth E., Sprang, Ginny, Killian, Kyle D., Gottfried, Ruth, Emery, Vanessa, and Brian E. Bride. 2017. “Advancing Science and Practice for Vicarious Traumatization/Secondary Traumatic Stress: A Research Agenda.” Traumatology 23 (2): 129–142.
Motyka, Grzegorz. 2006. Ukraińska partyzantka 1942–1960. Działalność Organizacji Ukraińskich Nacjonalistów i Ukraińskiej Powstańczej Armii. Warszawa: Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN.
Owens, Erica. 2006. “Conversational Space and Participant Shame in Interviewing.” Qualitative Inquiry 12 (6): 88–103.
Puchała, Stanisław. 2017. Kresowy Barysz i okolice. Sobótka.
Reger, Jo. 2001. “Emotions, Objectivity and Voice: An Analysis of a ‘Failed’ Participant Observation.” Women’s Studies International Forum 24: 605–616.
Rosenbaum, Jean and Mervin Rosenbaum, eds. 2013. The Memorial (yizkor) Book of Podhajce, Ukraine. Translation of Sefer Podhajce. New York.
Rossi, Leena. 2009. “Oral Historian – Neither Moralizer nor Informer”. In Oral History. The Challenges of Dialogue, eds. M. Kurkowska-Budzan, and K. Zamorski, 15–26. Amsterdam–Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Rowling, Louise. 1999. “Being in, Being out, Being with: Affect and the Role of the Qualitative Researcher in Loss and Grief Research.” Mortality: Promoting the interdisciplinary study of death and dying 4 (2): 167–181.
Saakvitne, Karen W., and Laurie Anne Pearlman. 1996. Transforming the Pain. A Workbook on Vicarious Traumatization. New York: W.W. Norton.
Shaffir, William B. 1991. “Managing a Convincing Self-presentation.” In Experiencing Fieldwork: An Inside View of Qualitative Research, eds. W.B. Shaffir, and R.A. Stebbins, 72–81. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
Stamm, Beth H., ed. 1999. Secondary Traumatic Stress: Self-care Issues for Clinicians, Researchers, and Educators. Second edition. Lutherville, MD: Sidran Press.
The Righteous Among the Nations Database, Biletskiy Leon & Biletskaya Maria; Son: Roman; Daughter: Vasilik Yaroslava (Biletskaya). Yad Vashem website. Accessed [21.03.2021]. https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?searchType=all&language=en&itemId=4045084&ind=0.
The Righteous Among the Nations Database, Biletskiy Yevgeni; Son: Yulian; Daughter: Kifor Anna (Biletskaya). Yad Vashem website. Accessed [21.03.2021]. https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4044287&ind=1.
The Righteous Among the Nations Database, Sikorska Katerina Daughter: Gutor Irina (Sikorska). Yad Vashem website. Accessed [21.03.2021]. https://righteous.yadvashem.org/?search=Sikorska&searchType=righteous_only&language=en&itemId=4044352&ind=2).
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, the testimony of Oscar Friedfertig, 16773, June 19, 1996.
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, testimony of Jean Melzer, 4122, July 18, 1995.
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, the testimony of Regina Flaszner, 37835, November 10, 1997.
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, testimony of Sigmund Soudack, 2178, April 28, 1995.
USC Shoah Foundation Institute for Visual History and Education, the testimony of Kristina Korpan, 28563, April 18, 1997.
van der Merwe, Amelia, and Xanthe Hunt. 2019. “Secondary Trauma among Trauma Researchers: Lessons from the Field.” Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy 11 (1): 10–18.
Volianiuk, Serhii, ed. 2012. Litopys UPA. Nova seriia [Chronicle of the UPA. New series]. Vol. 20 of Military District of the UPS “Lysonia.” 1943–1952: Documents and materials. Kyiv–Toronto: “Chronicle of the UPA”.
Widdowfield, Rebekah. 2000. “The Place of Emotions in Academic Research.” Area 32 (2): 199–208.
Wołczański, Józef. 2005. Eksterminacja narodu polskiego i Kościoła Rzymskokatolickiego przez ukraińskich nacjonalistów w Małopolsce Wschodniej w latach 1939–1945. Materiały źródłowe cz. 1. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Bł. Jakuba Strzemię Archidiecezji Lwowskiej Ob. Łac.
Woodby, Lesa L., Williams, Beverly Rosa, Wittich, Angelina R., and Kathryn L. Burgio 2011. “Expanding the Notion of Researcher Distress: The Cumulative Effects of Coding.” Qualitative Health Research 21 (6): 830–838.
Wray, Natalie, Markovic, Milica, and Lenore Manderson. 2007. “Researcher Saturation”: The Impact of Data Triangulation and Intensive-Research Practices on the Researcher and Qualitative Research Process.” Qualitative Health Research 17 (10): 1392–1402.
Wylegała, Anna. 2018. “Co jest nie tak? Raz jeszcze o polsko-ukraińsko-żydowskim trójkącie.” Kultura Liberalna website. Accessed [21.03.2021]. https://kulturaliberalna.pl/2018/08/02/wylegala-polityka-historyczna-ukraina-pamiec-wolyn/