ISSN 2084–1418
Wersją pierwotną czasopisma jest wersja papierowa

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: display

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 136

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 136
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to get property of non-object

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 136

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 136
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to get property of non-object

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 136

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 136
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

, Nr

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: display

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 139

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 139
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to get property of non-object

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 139

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 139
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to get property of non-object

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 139

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 139
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

,

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Undefined index: display

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 140

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 140
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to get property of non-object

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 140

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 140
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Notice

Message: Trying to get property of non-object

Filename: templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php

Line Number: 140

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/5045f462e7f67cfbb2d95cc571c5359165ca288a.file.show.tpl.php
Line: 140
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5b60da29638684_95893462

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_template.php
Line: 304
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/templates_c/aaff3eaefa18515b2b3c090403ddd665b5ccf2e1.file.index.tpl.php
Line: 31
Function: getSubTemplate

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/third_party/Smarty/sysplugins/smarty_internal_templatebase.php
Line: 188
Function: content_5af662d7727842_17223863

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/libraries/MY_Parser.php
Line: 166
Function: fetch

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 123
Function: parse

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/application/controllers/Issues.php
Line: 27
Function: show

File: /var/www/html/pth-site/rah/index.php
Line: 292
Function: require_once


Andrzej P. Kowalski
Antropologia pierwotnej kultury Gotów. Zwyczaje pogrzebowe

Słowa kluczowe: Goci, kultura wielbarska, słownictwo gockie, gockie rytuały funeralne, germańskie wyobrażenia na temat śmierci, eschatologia gocka

Abstrakt:
Artykuł jest poświęcony najstarszym wyobrażeniom Gotów na temat śmierci i obrzędów funeralnych. Oprócz źródeł archeologicznych, związanych z kulturą wielbarską okresu rzymskiego, ważną dokumentację stanowią zabytki języka gockiego. W ujęciu porównawczym zostały omówione i etnologicznie skomentowane gockie określenia dotyczące: śmierci i osób zmarłych (maurþrjan ‘zabijać, mordować’; ga-swiltan ‘umierać’; diwan ‘umierać’; dauþs ‘martwy’; naus ‘ciało, zwłoki’); akcesoriów i działań rytualnych (ƕilftrjom ‘łoże zmarłego’; gaunoþus, hiufan, flokan ‘lament nad zmarłym’; starua ‘uczta pogrzebowa’; ga-nawistron ‘chować zmarłych’); obiektów grobowych (hlaiw; hlaiwasnōs ‘grób w postaci zagłębienia w ziemi, jama grobowa’; aurahjōn/s; aurahi ‘nasyp ziemny, gliniasta warstwa tworząca wzniesienie kurhanu; nagrobek’); czarownic – nekromantek, prawdopodobnie odpowiedzialnych za dekompletowanie szczątków zmarłych (halirunna ‘wiedźma uprawiająca czary nad grobami’). Poza tym omówione zostały przyczyny działania tabu zabraniającego wkładania broni i narzędzi pracy do grobów w kulturze wielbarskiej. Wyposażenie grobów tej kultury to głównie biżuteria z metali szlachetnych. Nazewnictwo ozdób gockich nawiązuje do wyobrażenia węża, podziemnego gada, który w mitologii i sformułowaniach poetyckich kojarzony jest z grobem i śmiercią. Ozdoby odkrywane przez archeologów (bransolety, pierścionki, niektóre szpile) przypominają wyglądem węża. Zwyczaje pogrzebowe Gotów nawiązują do starych rytuałów indoeuropejskich, np. wyobrażenie raju jako pastwiska dla zmarłych, ale mają też germańsko-celtyckie tematy, np. podróż zmarłego na „tamten świat” łodzią lub na wozie. W przekładzie Biblii wykonanym przez Ulfilę brakuje wyobrażenia piekła, kary za przewinienia i idei zmartwychwstania, co dowodzi, że Goci nie mieli analogii do eschatologicznych idei chrześcijańskich.

Informacje o autorze:
ANDRZEJ PIOTR KOWALSKI – filozof, antropolog kultury, profesor zwyczajny w Instytucie Archeologii i Etnologii Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. E-mail: andrzej.kowalski[at]ug.edu.pl
Powrót